Cardiidae – Cockles

Description

The family Cardiidae is one of the largest and best-known of bivalves. There are over 200 living cockle species and many more fossil forms.

 

Strong, compact, and heart-shaped, the cockle shell can be rolled over the sands and banged about without any damage to the live mollusc. Its siphons are short, and the foot is also well developed –indeed capable of moving the animal about in short leaps at the surface, where it normally lives. In many cockles, the siphons also bear light receptors.

 

Shell features are: completely symmetrical and equal sized valves; prominent umbones; strong radial ribs, which in some species carry spines; equal size muscle scars; no pallial sinus; and, two cardinal teeth in each valve. The internal margin of the lip may vary from lightly serrated to the definitely crenulated edge view, shown in the two species at right.

Classification

Class: Bivalvia

Subclass: Pteriomorphia

Order: Veneroida

Superfamily: Cardiacea

Family: Cardiidae

Major Genera

• • Genus: Acanthocardia

• • Genus: Americardia

• • Genus: Cardium

• • Genus: Cerastoderma

• • Genus: Clinocardium

• • Genus: Corculum

• • Genus: Ctenocardia

• • Genus: Dinocardium

• • Genus: Discors

• • Genus: Fragum

• • Genus: Fulvia

• • Genus: Laevicardium

• • Genus: Lophocardiium

• • Genus: Lyrocardium

• • Genus: Lunulicardia

• • Genus: Microcardium

• • Genus: Nemocardium

• • Genus: Papyridea

• • Genus: Parvicardium

• • Genus: Plagiocardium

• • Genus: Ringicardium

• • Genus: Trachycardium

• • Genus: Trigoniocardia

• Genus: Serripes

Tuberculate cockle (Acanthocardia tuberculata), Cardiidae

 

Acanthocardia aculeata Acanthocardia deshayesii Acanthocardia echinata Acanthocardia paucicostata Acanthocardia spinosa Acanthocardia tuberculata Acrosterigma attenuatum Acrosterigma biradiatum Acrosterigma burchardi Acrosterigma capricorne Acrosterigma cygnorum Acrosterigma discus Acrosterigma fucata Acrosterigma gratiosa Acrosterigma hobbsae Acrosterigma impolitum Acrosterigma kerslakae Acrosterigma maculosum Acrosterigma magna Acrosterigma marielae Acrosterigma mauritiana Acrosterigma okinawaensis Acrosterigma oxygonum Acrosterigma pristipleura Acrosterigma profundum Acrosterigma punctolineatum Acrosterigma selene Acrosterigma seurati Acrosterigma simplex Acrosterigma suduirauti Acrosterigma suluanum Acrosterigma transcendens Acrosterigma uniornatum Acrosterigma variegatum Afrocardium exochum Afrocardium richardi Afrocardium shepstonense Apiocardia obovale Bucardium ringens Cardium costatum Cardium indicum Cardium maxicostatum Cerastoderma edule Cerastoderma glaucum Ciliatocardium ciliatum Ciliatocardium likharevi Clinocardium nuttallii Corculum cardissa Corculum impressum Corculum lorenzi Corculum monstrosum Ctenocardia fijianum Ctenocardia fornicata Ctenocardia gustavi Ctenocardia symbolica Ctenocardia translata Ctenocardia virgo Dallocardia manueli Dallocardia muricata Dallocardia quadragenarium Dallocardia senticosum Didacna baeri Didacna trigonoides Dinocardium robustum Europicardium caparti Europicardium serrulatum Fragum carinatum Fragum fragum Fragum grasi Fragum mundum Fragum nivale Fragum scruposum Fragum sueziense Fragum unedo Fragum vanuatuense Fragum whitleyi Freneixicardia victor Frigidocardium centumliratum Frigidocardium eos Frigidocardium exasperatum

BIVALVIA-VENERIDA-CARDIOIDEA – Family: CARDIIDAE Lamarck, 1809 – (723 species, 68 var)- Sea

Arcidae – Ark Clams

Description:

Ark shells vary from small to large sizes and are mostly elongate or squarish in shape. About 200 species are found in this family, and the shells tend to be squared off and porcelaneous.  Their surface is sculptured by radial ribs and covered with a thick velvety periostracum. The beaks are hooked and usually apart from each other, forming a wide ligament between them. A wide, straight-edged hinge possesses numerous small teeth.

 

The animal frequently has a byssus by which it attaches itself to rocks or other substrata (see Ark Shell Photo Gallery, below). Interestingly, the 9 cm. Twisted Ark Shell shown at right has a nearly paper-thin, delicate shell, which is substantially larger than the shells of other ark clams, like species in the Anadara genus.

 

In the Arcidae, the presence of the hemoglobin pigment of vertebrates is most interesting. It is found simply dissolved (not in corpuscles) in both the blood and tissues and colors the muscle red (Morton, 1960). This is not typical of bivalves, which generally absorb oxygen from water directly into the tissues, without the aid of oxygen transport pigments like hemoglobin (or hemocyanin, which is found more typically in some gastropods). Where the water is very muddy, oxygen may be deficient, in which case any of these pigments facilitate oxygen transport into the tissue.

Classification:

Class: Bivalvia

Subclass: Pteriomorpha

Order: Arcoida

Superfamily: Arcacea

Family: Arcidae

Major Genera

• Genus:Arca
• Genus:Anadara (Mangrove Cockles)
• Genus:Barbatia
• Genus:Noetia
• Genus:Scapharca
• Genus:Senilia
• Genus: Trisidos

Kerang darah                                                          kerang buluh

Arcidae                                                                         Mossy ark, Arca imbricata

Barbatia (Calloarca) alternata                               Arcidae – Arca noae, Linné

Arca imbricata

Acar abdita Acar bailyi Acar botanica Acar clathrata Acar congenita Acar domingensis Acar donaciformis Acar dubia Acar gradata Acar marsupialis Acar olivercoseli Acar petasion Acar plicata Acar pulchella Acar rostae Acar sandersonae Acar squamosa Anadara adamsi Anadara aequatorialis Anadara antiquata Anadara auriculata Anadara bataviensis Anadara biangulata Anadara brasiliana Anadara broughtonii Anadara cardiiformis Anadara chemnitzii Anadara cistula Anadara concinna Anadara consociata Anadara corbuloides Anadara crassicostata Anadara craticulata Anadara crebricostata Anadara cymbaeformis Anadara daneyi Anadara diluvii Anadara ehrenbergi Anadara emarginata Anadara esmeralda Anadara ferruginea Anadara floridana Anadara gibbosa Anadara globosa Anadara gubernaculum Anadara inaequivalvis Anadara indica Anadara jousseaumei Anadara jurata Anadara kagoshimensis Anadara kikaizimana Anadara lienosa Anadara mazatlanica Anadara natalensis Anadara notabilis Anadara nugax Anadara nux Anadara oceanica Anadara oyomai Anadara passa Anadara perlabiata Anadara petersburgensis Anadara pilula Anadara pygmaea Anadara rotundicostata Anadara rufescens Anadara sativa Anadara satowi Anadara secernenda Anadara setigericosta Anadara similis Anadara subglobosa Anadara tenebricum Anadara transversa Anadara trapezia Anadara tricenicosta Anadara troscheli Anadara tuberculosa Anadara uropigimelana Anadara vellicata

BIVALVIA-ARCIDA-ARCOIDEA – Family: ARCIDAE Lamarck, 1809 – (758 species, 34 var)- Sea

Anomiidae – Jingle Shells

Di kenal juga dengan Saddle oysters, jingle shells, kapis

Description

Windowpane oysters are distinctive in having extremely thin, paper-like shells that are translucent. Among them are the kapis shells often used in the lanterns of Asian manufacture. A hole through the edge of the lower shell is often visible, through which the byssus attaches to rocky surfaces. The mantle grows to eventually surround the byssus, forming a hole usually near the shell edge. 

 

The oyster is astringently bitter and not good to eat. Its main value lies in raw material for the manufacure of animal glue, chalk, shellac, soldering lead, and paint, as well as decorative objects. Shells larger than 7.5 cm are of highest value.

 

Ephihippium is synonymous with Placuna.

 

Classification

Class: Bivalvia

Subclass: Pteriomorpha

Order: Pterioida

Superfamily: Anomiacea

Family: Anomiidae

Major Genera

• Genus: Anomia
• Genus: Enigmonia
• Genus: Monia
• Genus: Placuna (Ephihippium)
• Genus:Pododesmus

 

Saddle oysters (Monia / Anomia squama: Anomiidae)

 (Anomia ephippium: Anomiidae)